Progress women achieved in field of Math, Science and Engineering Essay

Progress women achieved in field of Math, Science and Engineering - Essay Example This paper takes into consideration the conditions of women in the professional spheres in India, a country that has been known to hold strong biases towards the female population and prefer the birth of males in their households. All throughout the long history of the country, it can be seen that gender inequality has prevailed in the societies of the region as a whole whose reflection could also be seen in the educational and professional spheres. The past century however, could be seen to have brought a change in this respect. People as a whole got more inclined towards working for the betterment of the status of women in India, and to make efforts for the positive development of women in the region. During this period there have been developments in this domain in regards to greater involvement of women in the public spheres, striving for more balance in the ratios of men to women in the school enrolments, and an increased visibility of women in the labour force etc. (Segran, 201 0). Although, these developments might signify the start of changes in the fundamental mind-sets of the people over there, but India still has a long way to go in terms of trying to somewhat suppress gender discrimination in the region as a whole. ... It all began with the British colonization in South Asia. Although, Britain had the initial policy of non-intervention, however, once it had well established itself in the region, it started reforming the constitutions and the legal system for the betterment of every strata of the society as a whole, particularly for women that had been observed to be subject to serious violence, both within and outside their households. This was an attempt to civilize the people of the nation. The efforts on their part, combined by the local liberals, started to bring about reforms for women, which in turn resulted in somewhat betterment of their status and lives (Dasgupta, 2002a). Previously, the women of India could not gain access to the justice system on violation of their rights, but ever since the British colonization, the need to utilize the legal system to combat violence against women has been greatly stressed upon. Over the past few decades, the Indian legal and justice system has brought about various innovations to cater to the disadvantaged population of the country, in terms of violation of human rights, particularly for women. This in turn, has also enabled them to create an increased awareness about the issues of women for creation of policies and developmental initiatives. Other than that, the courts have also been able to give the women a public voice and it has put in great efforts to eliminate discrimination of women on legal fronts at least, if not completely on a societal level, which would require a much longer time (Dasgupta, 2002b). Societal Norms: Gender inequality has always been a major issue for the women of India. The aspect of gender closely defines the roles and behaviours assigned to men and

MGMT 305 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MGMT 305 - Case Study Example anagement complain of time wastage, low production, arrogance and lousy attitude from the workers while, the workers protest the poor treatment from the managers. The president has to decide whether to downsize or reinvestment considering the factors like the cost of reinvesting, compensation for the workers in case they are laid off and the time it will take to establish a new premise of sawmilling ( Eckes, pg. 492). The company establishes and grows, if it establishes these group member competencies that lack in Jackson, BC. The organization has to apply strategic conflict resolving, comforting behaviors where the team from the subordinate to the seniors relate in a friendly manner and incase of problems the employer support the workers either financially or emotionally. Teamwork has to prevail in an organized firm where resources and ideas are freely shared. Communication is vital in a company where flow of information must be maintained through memos, messaging e.t.c. Finally, the following Team Environment should be enhanced. Reward system should be introduced on either performance bases or on any other criteria. Also, proper channel of communication should be enhanced. Physical space should be available for individual growth and privacy. Organizational structure should be observed where different department supervise personal department (Eckes, pg.498.). Finally, organizational leadership should always be a key point where the channel of passing command should be

CRIMINAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

CRIMINAL LAW - Essay Example Thus in the current scenario unless a case beyond reasonable doubt is made Susan would be considered as innocent. As far as the burden of proof is concerned, such burden lies on the prosecution who in turn has to prove beyond all reasonable doubt including but not limited to satisfaction of the jury of the guilt of the defendant. (Woolmington v. DPP)1 The main elements that required to be proved in criminal law or be specific a criminal offence are actus reus (the action of the accused), mens rea (the requisite intention for the commission of the offence) and the absence of any defence or if any defence is raised it is negated to the satisfaction of the court. (Lord Diplock in R v Miller)2 Another element that needs to be taken into account is that the actus reus and mens rea of the criminal offence that was committed need to coincide, however it is pertinent to mention that such requirement has been interpreted broadly by the courts. (Fagan v. Commissioner of Police3). The actus reu s of an offence is generally satisfied when a positive act is committed. It has often been required that that has been committed must be voluntary, this can be seen from what Lord Denning said that ‘No act is punishable if it is done involuntarily, and an involuntary act in this context...means an act which is done by the muscles without any control by the mind such as spasm, a reflex action or a convulsion; or an act done by a person who is not conscious of what he is doing such as an act done whilst suffering from concussion or whilst sleepwalking...’ (Bratty v Attorney General for Northern Ireland)4 . Thus the act of the defendant must therefore be voluntary and a wilful movement of body. The next element is mens rea which is concerned with the state of mind of the defendant. There had been cases which were decided upon by the courts in which the criteria were set up whereby the mens rea for a criminal act would be established. The cases that were decided upon took i nto account intention, subjective recklessness, objective recklessness, lacuna etc. Mens cannot be said to be wickedness by way of any moral or general sense (Dodman)5 . Furthermore even if it is proved to the court that the motive behind the criminal act was good, it cannot be relied upon as a defence (Chiu-Chang v. R)6 . In respect of mens rea the current situation is that of Woollin7 and R v. G. And this has been reached after considerable refining of the original test for intention. Thus the test for direct intent is the that the defendant had intended a result by committing the particular act; and for oblique intent is that the result may have been that the result was a virtually certain consequence of the act. The actus reus of mens rea was provided by Sir Edward Coke in the seventeenth century whereby he stated that the act is committed if the defendant ‘unlawfully killeth any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the Queen’s peace’. The definition of unlawfully does not include the killing of for example the use of reasonable force for self defence (Re a (Children)8. Clearly it can be seen that due to the car of Susan going straight into the pedestrian would be considered to be an act is unlawful. As far as killeth is concerned that refers to the requirement that the acts of the defendant can be attributed to be a legal cause of death. Clearly